After the rejection of the two dreadlocks wearing children by the Achimota school authorities a few days ago, educationists, civil society, parents, religious leaders and some other members of the population have taken different positions during debates and political discussions.
Whilst a section of the population agrees with the decision of the school, others disagree with it. I think that, this development, is healthy, and might lead to progress in our schools if well addressed. In most cases, societal progress or reforms or revision of laws and practices takes this form.
The question I would like to ask in the midst of this controversy is, do our schools exist to cut hairs or cultivate minds? This is the question I would like us to interrogate in trying to address the matter.
Article 25 (1) of the 1992 Constitution of Ghana provides access to education for all. It reads, “All persons shall have the right to equal educational opportunities and facilities and with a view to achieving the full realization of that right. Article 25 (1)(b) states, “secondary education in its different forms ……..shall be made generally available and accessible to all by all appropriate means….”
The education sector plan (ESP) 2018-30 also identifies 5 cardinal principles needed to bring improvements in educational standards in the country. These principles are equity and access, quality, relevance, effectiveness and efficiency and sustainability. Equity and access ensure that we make it possible for all to receive education in order to fit functionally and productively in our society.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), goal 4 has this “Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.”
The above provisions suggest that we shouldn’t discriminate nor put obstacles on the way of children or persons seeking education. However, Article 14 (1) states, “Every person shall be entitled to his personal liberty and no person shall be deprived of his personal liberty except in the following cases and in accordance with procedure permitted by law.
In reference to the matter under consideration, Article 14 (1)(e) is often quoted by those who agree with the position of the school authorities. It states, for clarity, except “For the purpose of the education or welfare of a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years.” By inference, it means that if the child is eighteen years or more, they would probably have access to the school. This constitutional provision is somehow deficient since it can’t be applied effectively in all instances relating to the matter under consideration.
I’m of the respectful view that, in dealing with this matter, we must be legally, contextually, culturally and empirically minded. It’s not our opinions that matter, but rather verifiable truths or empirical findings. Societies don’t grow via unverified opinions, but by empirical evidence or science. I suggest that this is done to bring finality to the matter. In doing that, we need to address the following questions:
First, does the wearing of dreadlocks or the nature of one’s hairstyle affect their academic performance or whether there is a correlation between the independent and outcome variables? Second, does the wearing of dreadlocks have health, societal or economic consequences? Third, what is wrong if a child wears dreads?
These are the information or data we need before we can convincingly and persuasively come to a reasoned conclusion.
If we allow emotions and unverified rules and regulations to lead us in such discussions and debates, we might miss the point and lose our way.
After the August 5, 2020 ruling in Jamaica where the Supreme Court directed that the 7-year-old-girl may cut her dreads if she wants to be admitted to the Kensington primary school, but after societal uproar; the prime minister indicated that there was the need to review their education Act to respond to modern and cultural needs.
Prime minister Andrew Holness, after the ruling said, “Its time to review and amend the Education Act to reflect a modern and culturally inclusive position that protects our children from being barred from any educational institution on the basis of wearing locks” (Washington post, 2020). This means that the prime minister recognizes the need to make their laws and other related rules to reflect the demands of the times.
I think the time has come, either coincidentally or by design for us to boldly confront existing rules, conventions and laws with the view of amending them where appropriate to ensure that our country, especially institutions become more relevant in relation to societal and global dynamics.
I’m not despising laid down rules and regulations intended to shape and regulate behavior to maintain discipline in our schools and other institutions; I’m not. My position is that since laws and rules are not meant to be static but dynamic and living, their applications must be carefully and cautiously applied, and must be empirically, culturally and legally driven.
Let’s be more interested in cultivating minds than cutting hairs.
God bless Ghana!!!
By Kingsley Nyarko, MP, Kwadaso
