Introduction
CODEO is pleased to share this second report from its observation of the pre-election environment ahead of the December 7, 2024 presidential and parliamentary elections of Ghana. This report, which covers the period October 26 – November 8, 2024, is part of CODEO’s comprehensive observation of the up-coming elections. The findings presented here are based on weekly observation reports filed by 97 CODEO Long-Term Observers (LTOs) from 97 constituencies across all regions of the country. A total of 193 weekly reports filed by these observers during the reporting period were analyzed for this report.
Summary of Findings
- Observed improvement in voter education efforts by the Electoral Commission of
- Continuous domination of the political campaign scene by the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and the National Democratic Congress (NDC).
- Differential focus on issues in the campaigns by the NPP and the
- A generally peaceful political climate in the observed
- Instances of incumbency abuse including the use of state resources such as public vehicles and government-owned equipment for campaign purposes were
Main Findings
Civic and Voter Education Activities
There has been an improvement in the levels of voter education activities by the Electoral Commission in the constituencies observed. From 12% in our maiden report, 26% of weekly reports filed during the period by CODEO observers indicated voter education activities implemented by the EC in the observed constituencies. Civic and voter education community meetings were also noted by observers. The most frequently used medium for civic and voter education activities were posters (as noted in 57% of observer reports for this reporting period compared to 41% in the maiden report); community radio (noted in 50% of observer reports compared to 42% in the previous), and regular radio (50% compared to 39%), followed by street announcements (from 27% to 40% of the observer reports) and peace rallies (from 25% to 32%).
Political Campaigns at the Constituency Level
The NDC and the NPP continue to be the most active political parties in respect of campaigning activities. During this reporting period, the NPP engaged in slightly more house-to-house campaigns than the NDC (by 3%). On the other hand, the NDC was observed to have organized a lot more meetings and party marches as part of their campaign activities than the NPP, as shown in Figure 1 below.
Figure 1: Campaign activities observed during the reporting period
With regards to the substantive focus of campaign messages, observer reports showed that the NDC and NPP campaigns focused largely on education; unemployment; the economy; corruption; food and agriculture; water, health and sanitation; and crime and security. The campaign messages of the NPP focused largely on education (according to 88% of observer reports as compared to 77% in the case of the NDC); food and agriculture (60% against 47% for the NDC); and water, health and sanitation (noted by 58% of reports compared to 54% for the NDC). On the other hand, the campaign messages of the NDC focused more on the economy (as noted in 80% of observer reports compared to 63% in the case of the NPP); unemployment (78% compared to 77% for NPP); corruption (62% of reports compared to 25% for the NPP).
There was limited campaign engagement by political parties other than the NPP and the NDC. The main issues addressed by other political parties were unemployment, corruption, and education.
Figure 2: Focus of political parties’ campaign messages: Policy issues
Observers reported that the NPP, NDC, and some independent candidates provided treats such as food and drinks to event attendees during campaign activities. A total of 16% of observer reports cited the NPP for providing treats such as food and drink to event attendees, while 12% of the reports indicated similar practices by the NDC. About 2% of observer reports cited independent candidates for providing treats.
About 30% of observer reports noted instances where attendees to campaign events were provided with free transportation. The NPP was cited in 53% of such reports, followed by the NDC. However, in the instances where observers reported such cases, the NPP was involved in 52% of them, while the NDC was cited in 40%. Independent candidates and other political parties were cited for such practices in 6% and 2% of reports respectively.
Observers also noted instances of vote-buying, with 10% of reports received within the period indicating so. This involved people being given money or valuables to influence their vote. These incidents were observed in some constituencies in the Ashanti, Savannah and Western regions.
Abuse of Incumbency
Observers noted instances of potential abuse of incumbency by incumbent candidates or appointees of the government. About 11% of observer reports noted the use of public (state or local) vehicles for campaigning on behalf of an incumbent candidate. For instance, in the Tatale-Sanguli constituency in the Northern Region, the NPP Parliamentary candidates’ flyers were used to brand the government-led District Road Improvement Program (DRIP), which saw the distribution of earth-moving equipment to MMDAs for road improvement. The campaign flyers of the Tatale Sanguli Member of Parliament and parliamentary candidate for the constituency were seen on the DRIP Program equipment (bulldozer), which was being used to maintain and expand roads in the Sagban community.
Election Security
The political atmosphere remains generally peaceful across the 97 constituencies observed by CODEO LTOs. No incidence of violence, intimidation, or harassment specifically targeting women was noted.
Conclusion and Recommendations
The findings presented in this second pre-election report indicate an overall peaceful campaign environment across the 97 observed constituencies, with political activities remaining largely issue-focused. CODEO is however concerned about the limited voter education despite some marginal improvement. CODEO continues to urge all election stakeholders, including the Electoral Commission, the National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE), media, and civil society organizations, to intensify civic and voter education efforts nationwide. CODEO also urges all political parties and their supporters to continue with peaceful and issue-based campaigning. CODEO calls on all stakeholders to intensify efforts, including public education, to maintain the generally peaceful political environment at all times during the December 7 polls. Finally, CODEO wants to use this opportunity to call on all stakeholders, especially the law enforcement agencies, to enforce laws that prohibit vote buying and abuse of incumbency, which contributes to uneven playing grounds for all presidential and parliamentary candidates ahead of the election.
Follow link for the list of constituencies: https://codeoghana.org/2024/11/codeo-list-of- constituencies-for-2024-lto/